Grinding machine



May 8, I v w BURA GRINDING MACHINE Filed July 11, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

Walier varlflum May 8, 1945.

w. M. B.URA

- .GRINDING I'VIACHINE Filed July 11, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented May 8, 1945 F ICE I g GRINDING MACHINE Walter Mark Bura, West Orange, N. J., assignor to Norton Company, Worcester, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts.

Application July 11, 1941, Serial No. 401,935

12 Claims. (01. 51-127) This invention relates to grinding machines and has for an object the provision of apparatus and method for the precise generation of the form of tools and tool bits and the like for use in machine tools and the geometrically accurate tool bits formed thereby.

In'modern machinetool practice, tool bits are required having accurate clearance angles both at the front and one or both sides thereof which bits in many cases must also be formed with very accurate contours (as viewed for example from above). It is necessary in most cases to provide different angles of clearance at the front end of the tool from those on the sides.

In most instances the'corners of thecutting bit are rounded, the radius of curvature of the.

rounded corner corresponding to the requirements of the particular use to which the tool is to be put, said radius being constant or varying. It will be readily understood that if the angle of clearance at the front of the tool, viz., atthe point where the rounding begins, is different from the angle of clearance at the side of the tool, viz., where the rounding ends, it will be necessary to gradually change the angle of clearance (as seen in a vertical cross-section taken along the radius of curvature at the point in question) from one extremity of the rounded corner .to the other.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a tool bit and amethod and suitable apparatus for forming it in which the angle of clearance isgradually changed from one portion of the tool to another.

Another object is to provide a tool bit, and a method and apparatus for forming it,having at least one rounded corner the form of the corner being such that the clearance angle ina vertical plane generally longitudinally of the tool is substantially identical at all points around said rounded corner. c

It is another object to provide a method and apparatus for forming such tool bits capable of operation by unskilled workmen in such a Way that geometrically accurate tool bits may be formed.

It is another object of the invention to provide amethod and apparatus whereby the contour of a toolbit on the end and both sides thereof either with or without connecting curves may be accu rately formed under the control of a pattern.

It is another object to provide a method and apparatus whereby a tool .bit may be formed in which the clearance or relief angle is gradually changed from one portion of the tool to another with or without the use of a controlling pattern or template.

while the'contour thereof is being formed either l Another object of theinvention is to provide a method and apparatus for quickly and accurately forming the controllin pattern or template.

These and other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following specification and the accompanying drawings of a possible illustrativeembodiment of the in.- vention as applied to a machine, of the type shown in United States Patent to Oliver 2,231,217. While the form of construction selected to illus trate the principle of the invention is similar in certain respects to the construction disclosed by said Oliver patent, it is to be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various other forms of construction. In said drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of such a machine; i

Fig. 2 is a partial side elevation thereof as viewedfrom the left hand side of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 showsa wheel dressing diamond fixture;

Fig. 4 is a rear end view of a template or controlling pattern useful with the machine; and a Fig. 5is aplan view thereof. r In the preferred form shown, the machine may consist of a base I at the upper end of which is a spindle 2 having on at least one end thereof a cupped grinding wheel 3. The spindle 2 is driven by a pulley 5 in the head of the machine directly belted by a belt 8 to a pulley l of a motor 6 mounted in the base. The grinding. wheel is thus constantly driven in the operation of the machine. In front of the wheel 31s a guard 9 which, as will be understood from Fig. 1, is shapedto expose a portion of the grinding wheelface and against which exposed portion the tool (or template) to be formed is to beheld.

The wheel guard is mounted on a carriage II which is (slidable on a square rod.l3 and movement of the carriage on the standard I3 is produced by means of a knob to a screw- I la (Fig. 2). The screw engages in a nut I6. fixed in the end of the square rod l3 so that rotation of the screw'element by the knob will move the carriage it toward or from the grinding wheel. It is thereupon clamped in place by any suitable means such as the clamping screw 63 (Fig.1).

The machine illustrated is so constructed that it can only grindtools having aside clearance of l iand a front clearance of 10. It is to be understood however that the machine and its accessories may be readily modified to provide for other desired angles. Thus, if it is desired to vary. the angle of side clearance, the wheel guard 9 may be mounted upon the carriage l I by a tiltable connection, such as that shown in the Oliver patent, and ifit is desired to vary the angle of front clearance the tool holder to be described later would be so formed as to permit tiltable adjustmentof the tool bit therein.

The downwardly extending portions 9 of the wheel guard are provided with forward exten- M which is attached -.portion 42 of the wheelhousing- 41.

grinding fixture 30 shown at the left side of Fig. -1 v and the wheel dressing fixture 3i shown in Fig.3.

The fixture 3| has a depression at its lowerend to fit the knob 2| and has a diamond dresser 32 which in the form illustrated iisexac'tly one-half way between the element 34 atits upper end and the center of the knob 2|. The wheel dresser has a handle element 33 and at the top a short end portion 34 which fits against the abutment 22 carried by the wheel guard. The grinding wheels may be dressed With-the wheel-dresser in position onxthe jwheel guard by rfeeding the carriage H in until the diamond :dress'er 32 comes into contact :With "the face of the wheel, then the car- :riage 5M is-locked' with clamp screw =63. The carriage is .never :moved except for dressing the tool bit corresponding to the shape of the template except that the finished tool bit will be one-half the size of the template. I

vWhat I have hereinbeforegtermed the wheel guard 9, which practically covers the periphvvery of the wheel and a portion of the face thereor may, insofar as the invention herein described iislooncerned, be merely a frame element carrying the ball knobs 2| and 23, and straight edges 22 .andf2'4. f

4 :A template rnay be made with the machine 7 of a size twice the size of the tool and usable Wheel. flThis :fixture, as previously stated, is *re- The :fi-xture 12 9, for instance, shownat the right @handrside of Fig. -1, is for holding the tool bit :and :a template. With this fixture a template L'ofitwice Lthedesired size to which the -too1'is to :be ground is positioned in the top "of thefi-xture a zisa'shown at 52 in Fig. 1. The upper end of ztheifi-xture is fOImed of twospacedparts 36 and 31 and has wedge "shapec'i grooves at the top to :receive the template '52, the screw 38 being provided ?to securely clamp-the template in :place when adjusted.

It will be noted trom Fig. '1 particularly that .the template :52 is-iset with its outermost point in? engagement with the vertical plane face of theknob :39 and is clamped in place by'm'eans \of. said :screw 38 which .draws the two sidebars -\:36..:and :31! together.

The knob -39 has a mircrometer zdial 4| thereon and is threaded -in"the If it is desired ito removessay .010 from'the tool bit'the knobri-s turned :out until .010 =s'h'ows oppos'ite the-zero mark at. .Then asthe template 52 .is held :ag-ainst the vertical surface "of the knob, the tool bit sshown fiat M in -Fig. 1 is pushed inwardly against the that finished =surface '45 pro- .vided'on the 1ug 4.6:f.ormed on=the wheel hous- 7 moved from, its dotted .line position 5 on the knob 5! in Fig. 1 and is placed on the knob 21 (or knob 23) with vthe template 52 in mosition for engagement with the iabutment isurf ace 22 while the .tool bit itself will :engage .thie wheel at the samepoint as thatioccupiedibylthe wheel dresser 32 when the wheel was being idressed. With .the template .52 opposite the straight edge 22,

-.the tool .bit ;-will engage :the :wheel ,until it has in the fixture 28 in the grinding or regrinding of like tools. The template forming fixture is shown at 30 (Fig. 1) and is constructed at the iupperiendsimilar to the upper :end :of the fixture 29 =iniwhich :a, template blank 52 is clamped :by means of. arsorew :53 similar tothe screw 38 of the ifixture 129. The fixture $30 includes a Sbase 354 having .a socket 2for the supporting knob 55 and also has intermediate its-:ends a holder :56 forza -tool15]. This may be iarnew =tool :of acicurate .form, for. instance, .:the :form indicated by dotted .lines :58 :of :5. The tool is :mountaed' inlthe fixture 30 and the fixture placed :on the :knob :55 asshown in Fig. 1 withlthe forwardend .59 of the template-blank in engagement with lthe rfini'shed face :of ithelug 0 :and :with the tool been ground sufiiciently to permit the template in engagement with' thefinish'e'd ifa'ce-o'f the ilug 3.61 :0n=the:side aof the machine. When the tool h'a's 'tthuss been adiustably ifixed in place, the fixtime-1'10 is xem'ovejd :from the knob 55 and placed -;on :on'elof (the ball'knobs'll or 23 0f :Fig. -1.

iIt'iiS 'to zbenoted that the :distance from the ztemplate :52 totthe axis :of the socket 55 ofthe fixture 30 is equal :to the distance from thecenter :of the .knob at! to the :point ofengagementpf zthe $001 44 zwith'the 'f'ace 4'5 :of the lug =46 "and that zthe point'of rth'e to'ol fiil is half way between the :template 52iand axisof the socket 55. Thus,

when the fixture .is lmounted on :the :knob 23, the .fini'shed zto'ol edge 'awill tcontact a .finished face of lthelugifilaon ;the. 1eft side of thevmaohin'e or lug 62 on the right side of itheimachine-iif when the fixture :30 (mounted :on ithedmob .23 or 12;! "the edge=of the tool -51;engages,athe-lug 6] or -6ZZ-and the template :52 is imposition .to engage the grinding wheel face .and :by rocking .the fixture on the knob the template .is .gronnd -away to the extent {permitted by reason .of leng agement of the .tool with thesurface-LBI 101 2. Whatever .the .form of the,-.tool, for 011181781106 the form indicated by the idQttBdJiD-B .58 :of 5, .the template .will be -ground to the same :form but twice the size, thereby adapting the template .for use .in the .fixture .29 for the .regrinding of todls to conform exactly .in size .and shape to the cutting 'faceofthe tool .51 which wasusedas a fpattern therefor. 1 I It will 'thusbe seen that when the tooljbit M is in place in fixture ZQtandsaidfiXture is placed However, as *the "fixture 29; assuming it to be supportedon the left knob "23}, is roc'keiiflto'fthe left toiform the large radius of the 'contour58, the effect of the upward tilt of theftodlbit in the fixture 29*grejdudlly decreases and completely disappears when the fixture 29 has been,

lturned through=90 so thatthe clearance at the side. of the tool is only 1 in the form shown. Likewise by using the knob 2| the right side of the tool bit maybe ground. to the same clearance. Thus; the clearance of the tool bit as viewed in a vertical. plane atrighttang-les to any part ofthe cutting edge gradually changes from the desired angle of front clearance to the desired side clearance in infinitely: small steps. .This gradual variation of the .clearance angle occurs automatically and can therefore be achieved by relatively unskilled operators.

'Another interesting and most important characteristic of the conformation of the rounded portionof the tool produced by the method and apparatus described .is that the clearance angle at any point of a rounded corner when measured in generally vertical planes longitudinally of the tool, remainsconstant, the ideal conformation particularly for tool bits of the plunge cut type. the individual parts of the work approach the tool ,(in latches of usual construction) and as ance in such longitudinal vertical planes constant at all points of the rounded corner or corners.

It is also contemplated to provide such a ma- This; conformation is ideal because chine with means for varying the angle of side clearance as well as the angle of front clearance. 'I'o vary the side'clearance any suitable construction for tilting the wheel guard 9 and the parts carried by it relative to the plane of the face of the grinding wheel 3'may be provided. One suitable form'of construction is that shown in the Oliver patent. Variation in the angle of side clearance will of course automatically vary the front clearance. The angle of front clearance may be further varied by varying the angle of tilt of the tool bit relative tothe fixture 29. One convenient way to vary this angle is by placing under the tool bit a convex segment, such as is commonly used for thesarne purpose under tool holders as used in lathes. Such a segment would of course rest in a correspondingly formed concave seat; It is also possible to vary the side ing the tool bit about its longitudinal axis.

It is, of course, possible to use said device withi out using the template or controlling pattern in which event the contour developed will be dependent upon the skill. of the operator. However, the clearances and the variation thereof by infinitely small stepsfrom the front to the sides will be formed automatically by the machine. i

It willbe noted that the means shown and described will serve admirably to accomplish the objects stated above. It is to be understood, however, that the constructions dis-closedabove are intended merely as illustrative of the invention andnot as limiting as various other modifications therein may be made without departing from the invention as defined by a proper interpretationof the claims which follow. I claim; I

1. In a machine for grinding tool bits, a base, a shaft journaled relative thereto, a grinding wheel on said shaft, a supporting knob arranged adjacent said wheel and rearwardly of the plane of the face thereof, a tool holder having aseat adapted to rest upon said knob and havingmeans for holding a tool bit with its cutting end tilted upwardly relative to a line fromsaid seat to the cutting end of the tool bit, whereby the "tool bit may be ground with front and side clearances asthe tool holder is swung relative to-the plane of the face of the wheel while supported on said knob, the clearance varying gradually from the front to the side of the tool bit, the side clearance being determined by the angle between said line and the plane of the face of said wheel, and the maximum front clearancerbeing'equal to the sum of this angle plus the angle between the tool bit anda second line at right angles to the first line. i i

2. In a machine for grinding tool bits, a base,

a shaft journaled relative thereto, a grinding wheel on said shaft,a supporting knob arranged adjacent said wheel and rearwardly of the plane of the face thereof, a tool holder having a seat adaptedto rest uponsaid knob and having means for holding a tool bit with its cutting end tilted upwardly relative to a line from said seat to the cutting end of the tool bit and having a; controlling "template, and an abutmentsurface for said template, whereby the tool bit may. be ground to a contour controlled by said template and with front and side clearances as the tool holder is swung relative to the plane of i the face'of'the wheel while supported on said knob, the clearance varyinggradually from the front to the side of the tool bit, the side clearance being determined by the angle between said line and the plane of the face of said wheel, and the maximum frontclearance being equal to the sum ofthis angleplus the angle between the tool bit and a second line at right angles to the first line.

3. In a machine for grinding tool hits, a base,

a shaft journaled relative thereto, a grinding wheel on said shaft, a spherical supporting sur face arranged adjacent said wheel and rearwardly of the plane of the face thereof, a tool holder having a seat adapted to rest upon said spherical supporting surface and having means for holding a toolbit with its cutting end tilted upwardly relative to a line from said seat to the cutting end of the tool bit, whereby the tool bit may be ground with front and side clearance as the tool holder is swung relative to the plane of the face of the wheel while supported onsaid spherical supporting surface, the clearance varying gradually from the front to the side of the tool bit, the side clearance being determinedby the angle between said line and the plane of the face of said wheel, and the maximum front clearance being equal to the sum of this angle plus the angle between the tool bit and a second line at right angles to the first line. e

4. In a machine for grinding tool bits, abase,

a shaft journaled relative thereto, a grinding wheel on said shaft, a supporting knobarranged adjacent said wheel, a tool holder having a seat adapted to rest upon said knob and having means for holding a tool bit with its cutting end tilted upwardly relative to a line from said seat to the cutting end of the tool bit, whereby the tool bit may be ground with front and side clearances as the tool holder is swung relative to the plane of the face of the Wheel While supported on said knob, the clearance varying gradually from the front to the side of the tool bit, the side clearance being determined by the angle between said line and the plane of the face of said wheel, and the maximum front clearance being equal to the sum of this angle plus the angle between the tool :hitland .a second line at right :angles to the first .lin'e. H I

I5. lInm-a' machine :forlgrinding tool hits, a :base,

, .azshatt Journaled relative athereto, -a :grinding :wheel on :said shaft, a supporting. knob arranged adjacent: said \wheel, a tool holder :having a, seat adaptedito:rest:upon:said knob and having means for holding a 'tool bit with "its cutting end tilted upwardly .relative to :a line atright angles :to thesecond .line from :said seatv to the 1 cutting end of the vtool bit and having ,a controlling template, and :an abutment :surface :for said Ltemplate, whereby the 213001 'bit :may he ground to a icontour controlled; by said template as the tool .holder is swung relative to the plane of the face of the Wheel while supported on said knob, the :clearf anoe yaryinggradually from'the :front to theside of the :tool .bit, the ;side :clearance :being determined by the angle between said-second .iline .and the {face .of;said;grinding lwheelzand the maximum front clearance being equal to the sum :of this angle plus the angle lbetween'the tool bit and the knob, .the clearance varying gradually from the 1 front ,to the side of the tool bit, the side clearance being determined by'the anglebetweens-said second line and the face of said grinding wheel and the maximum front clearance being equal to the sumlof-this angle plus the angle .between the-tool .bit and the first .line.

7. ilnra machine for grinding tool :bits, azbase, a shaft journaled relative thereto, a grinding wheel ,on said shaft, a support, ;a tool zholder, a universal joint-connection between the tool hold or and the;supp.ort, the tool holder havingmeans fOr-=hOldingia-tOQ1'bitWVith its cutting end :tilted upwardly relative to a line at right angles to a second line from .said joint to thercutting "end of the tool bit, whereby the tool 'bit ,may be ground .as the tool holder is :swung about said universal ,joint relative to the plane of the 'face of the ,wheel, the clearance varying gradually from the front tn the side of' the tool shit, the sidelclearance being determined by the angle between.saidsecondlineand the facaof saidjgrinding wheel. and i the maximum .front clearance heing equal to the sum of this angle plus thezangle between the tool bitand-the first line.

. 8. .That .method for grinding tool .bits which I compriseslthe steps of placing a toolbit in a tool holder with .its cutting end tilted upwardly, placinglthetoolholder-on a support lying to the rear of the .planelof a planegrinding surface and moving said tool Hholder upon said support while grinding, the end .of the upwardly tilted tool .Lbit and at least one side thereof .uponsaid grinding surface.

, 9. The combination according to claim 2, in which the template on said :toohholder isimountedQparallel to, the tool bit, and is formed with end and side clearancescorresponding to those desired ,on :the tool bit, whereby :said template makes :line contact :with said :abutment surface \Whenf-the ito'ol :hitzis [ground to :shapeandl' thertool holder isrswung" relative to :the fplane 'facec'ofrsthe wheel. l

- 110.. Theicombinationaccordingitoidlaliml'ti,

frame, .a grinding 'wheel "rotatably supported therein dormotation ona longitudinal axis-1amturezforx holding the zto'olqrbit, having "at one rend a ltemplate iparalleltto the ltoolrbitand having a contour and front :and "side zclearances desired tome formed (on the 'tool, and :at :the -opposite end=a:soolet, the tool :bitzbeing positionedaexact- 1y icentr-ally betweenthe ztemplate and the axis of they so cket,-:a;rrame :element married :by :the

machine, means :for supporting the'ifixture ion thelmachine :to adjust :the tool lto provide .for thexlamount of material to be ground from the face rof the tool,'-means-on =the itrame comprising a ball element on its lower end, and a straight edge on the frame element engageable by the template when the fixture is supported .on the frame, the tool bit and template having their forward ends tilted slightly upwardly relative to a plane normal to a, straight line between the center of said ball element and said straight edge, the template engaging the straight edge with .line contact as thegrinding proceeds and the rocking of the fixture on the ball element with the template engaging .the straight edge shaping the tool'to correspond to the contourof the template and with side clearance determined byithe angle between saidline and the'face of saidgrinding wheel, 'and a front clearance equal to :this angle ;plus the angle between said tool and a-second line at right angles to the first-line.

l2. In a machine for grinding of .worn tool bits, a trame, a rotatable grinding wheel having a flat face, a fixture including a template at one end, .a means for holding the t001,tand a socket at the opposite end, a ball-like element on the machine for supporting said socket, a

straight edge surface .in fixed relation with the ball element for engagement with the template when the'soc'ket is .mounted on the ball and the worn edge of the tool is positioned in engagement with the grinding wheel, the axis of said socket, said grinding straight edge surface being positioned along a straight line, and said tool and said template being tilted upwardly relative to the axis of the whee'l face, and said i Patent No. -2,575,620.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

WALT'ER MARK BURA.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, first column, line 21+, for the word "latches" read --lathes-; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the ?atent 0ffice.

Signed and sealed this 27th day of November, A. DJ. 19LL5.

Leslie Frazer .(Seal) First Assistant Commissioner of Patents. 

